DATA - Real effective exchange rates

Real effective exchange rates CPI-based, broad group of partner countries
	2021	2022	2023	May 24	June 24	July 24	Aug. 24	Sep. 24	Oct. 24

	Annual change in %

Belgium	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Germany	0.7	−4.0	2.8	1.5	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.8	1.0
Estonia	0.7	1.4	6.8	2.5	2.9	1.7	2.0	1.2	2.3
Ireland	0.5	−5.0	2.5	0.0	−0.7	−1.1	−0.2	0.2	−0.3
Greece	−1.9	−2.3	2.9	0.5	−0.3	−0.9	−0.1	0.5	1.2
Spain	−0.9	−3.0	1.4	0.7	0.1	−0.5	0.0	0.5	0.1
France	−0.1	−3.8	1.8	0.3	−0.3	−1.0	−0.2	0.0	−0.3
Croatia	0.0	0.0	5.4	2.5	0.9	−0.2	0.3	1.3	1.2
Italy	−0.6	−4.4	1.9	−0.1	−0.9	−1.0	−0.6	−0.4	−0.4
Cyprus	−0.2	−3.1	4.0	1.8	0.5	−1.3	−0.8	−0.4	−0.7
Latvia	−0.3	−2.7	6.3	1.8	0.7	0.6	−0.5	0.4	−0.7
Lithuania	2.0	3.9	6.3	−1.0	−2.0	−2.9	−2.7	−2.5	−2.7
Luxembourg	−0.1	−1.8	0.4	0.0	−0.5	−1.2	−0.5	−0.2	−0.7
Malta	−1.2	−3.4	4.2	1.3	0.3	−0.3	0.0	0.4	0.6
Netherlands	0.0	−1.9	3.4	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.6	1.1	0.7
Austria	0.6	−2.0	3.7	1.5	1.0	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.7
Portugal	−1.1	−1.4	2.3	1.0	−0.5	−1.0	−1.1	0.8	0.4
Slovenia	−0.7	−1.2	2.7	0.7	0.4	−0.6	−1.6	−0.8	−1.0
Slovak Republic	1.4	1.2	5.0	1.0	0.5	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.3
Finland	−0.7	−4.4	2.4	−0.4	−1.1	−1.4	−0.9	0.0	0.0
Euro area	0.1	−5.7	4.4	1.1	0.0	−0.7	0.0	0.7	0.6



Bulgaria	1.0	2.2	5.4	0.5	−0.8	−1.9	−1.4	−1.4	−1.1
Czech Republic	5.0	9.9	7.8	−3.8	−3.9	−5.4	−3.9	−2.3	−2.0
Denmark	−1.1	−2.9	3.0	−0.6	−1.9	−2.4	−2.0	−1.1	−1.4
Hungary	−0.4	−5.0	12.4	−1.0	−3.9	−1.8	−0.2	0.2	−2.3
Poland	0.0	−0.3	9.2	7.2	3.6	4.0	4.4	8.6	5.4
Romania	0.1	1.2	5.5	3.1	2.0	1.2	1.4	2.1	2.2
Sweden	3.1	−7.0	−2.9	−0.8	3.4	0.6	3.3	4.6	2.5



United Kingdom	4.7	−1.3	2.8	3.7	2.5	2.0	1.8	4.0	5.5
Norway	5.1	−1.6	−8.6	−0.2	2.8	−0.2	−5.3	−3.5	−4.2
Switzerland	−2.2	1.0	4.1	−1.0	0.3	−2.2	0.0	1.5	1.0
U.S.A.	−2.7	8.8	0.8	2.3	3.6	4.3	2.4	0.7	0.6
Japan	−8.6	−14.6	−5.4	−10.7	−9.4	−9.5	−1.6	0.9	−2.2

Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Sources of international organizations are used in this area to facilitate comparison. As a consequence, the data for Austria may deviate from those shown in the other sections.